1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Levodopa API
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Purity: ≥98%
1.3.3 Purity:≥99%
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Levodopa Tablets
1.4.3 Levodopa Capsules
1.4.4 Other
1.5 Global Levodopa API Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Levodopa API Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Xinhua Pharmaceutical
2.1.1 Xinhua Pharmaceutical Details
2.1.2 Xinhua Pharmaceutical Major Business
2.1.3 Xinhua Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Product and Services
2.1.4 Xinhua Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Xinhua Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Wild Wind Pharmaceutical
2.2.1 Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Details
2.2.2 Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Major Business
2.2.3 Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Product and Services
2.2.4 Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Broahony Chemical
2.3.1 Broahony Chemical Details
2.3.2 Broahony Chemical Major Business
2.3.3 Broahony Chemical Levodopa API Product and Services
2.3.4 Broahony Chemical Levodopa API Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 Broahony Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 Huahai Pharmaceutical
2.4.1 Huahai Pharmaceutical Details
2.4.2 Huahai Pharmaceutical Major Business
2.4.3 Huahai Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Product and Services
2.4.4 Huahai Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.4.5 Huahai Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Levodopa API by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Levodopa API Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Levodopa API Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Levodopa API by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Levodopa API Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Levodopa API Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Levodopa API Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Levodopa API Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Levodopa API Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Levodopa API Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Levodopa API Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Levodopa API Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Levodopa API Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Levodopa API Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Levodopa API Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Levodopa API Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Levodopa API Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Levodopa API Market Drivers
12.2 Levodopa API Market Restraints
12.3 Levodopa API Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Levodopa API and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Levodopa API
13.3 Levodopa API Production Process
13.4 Levodopa API Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Levodopa API Typical Distributors
14.3 Levodopa API Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 2. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 3. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Major Business
Table 5. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Product and Services
Table 6. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Sales Quantity (Tons), Average Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 7. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 8. Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 9. Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Major Business
Table 10. Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Product and Services
Table 11. Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Sales Quantity (Tons), Average Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 12. Wild Wind Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 13. Broahony Chemical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 14. Broahony Chemical Major Business
Table 15. Broahony Chemical Levodopa API Product and Services
Table 16. Broahony Chemical Levodopa API Sales Quantity (Tons), Average Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 17. Broahony Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 18. Huahai Pharmaceutical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 19. Huahai Pharmaceutical Major Business
Table 20. Huahai Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Product and Services
Table 21. Huahai Pharmaceutical Levodopa API Sales Quantity (Tons), Average Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 22. Huahai Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 23. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 24. Global Levodopa API Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 25. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 26. Market Position of Manufacturers in Levodopa API, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022
Table 27. Head Office and Levodopa API Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 28. Levodopa API Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 29. Levodopa API Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 30. Levodopa API New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
Table 31. Levodopa API Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
Table 32. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 33. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 34. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 35. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 36. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 37. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Ton)
Table 38. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 39. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 40. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 43. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/Ton)
Table 44. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 45. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 46. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 49. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Ton)
Table 50. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 51. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 52. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 53. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 54. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 55. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 56. North America Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 57. North America Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 58. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 59. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 60. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 61. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 62. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 63. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 64. Europe Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Europe Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 74. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 75. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 76. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 77. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 78. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 79. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 80. South America Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 81. South America Levodopa API Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Tons)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Tons)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Levodopa API Raw Material
Table 91. Key Manufacturers of Levodopa API Raw Materials
Table 92. Levodopa API Typical Distributors
Table 93. Levodopa API Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Levodopa API Picture
Figure 2. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 3. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 4. Purity: ≥98% Examples
Figure 5. Purity:≥99% Examples
Figure 6. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 7. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 8. Levodopa Tablets Examples
Figure 9. Levodopa Capsules Examples
Figure 10. Other Examples
Figure 11. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 12. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 13. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (Tons)
Figure 14. Global Levodopa API Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 15. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 16. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 17. Producer Shipments of Levodopa API by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
Figure 18. Top 3 Levodopa API Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 19. Top 6 Levodopa API Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 20. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 21. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 22. North America Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 23. Europe Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 24. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 25. South America Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 28. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 29. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 30. Global Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 31. Global Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 32. Global Levodopa API Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 33. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 34. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 35. North America Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 36. North America Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 37. United States Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 38. Canada Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 39. Mexico Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 41. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 42. Europe Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 43. Europe Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 44. Germany Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 45. France Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. United Kingdom Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. Russia Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. Italy Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 53. China Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 54. Japan Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Korea Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. India Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Southeast Asia Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Australia Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 60. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 61. South America Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 62. South America Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 63. Brazil Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 64. Argentina Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 65. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 66. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 69. Turkey Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 70. Egypt Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 71. Saudi Arabia Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. South Africa Levodopa API Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Levodopa API Market Drivers
Figure 74. Levodopa API Market Restraints
Figure 75. Levodopa API Market Trends
Figure 76. Porters Five Forces Analysis
Figure 77. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Levodopa API in 2022
Figure 78. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Levodopa API
Figure 79. Levodopa API Industrial Chain
Figure 80. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors
Figure 81. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 82. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 83. Methodology
Figure 84. Research Process and Data Source