1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Chopped Carbon Fiber Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Chopped Carbon Fiber Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chopped Carbon Fiber Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Chopped Carbon Fiber Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chopped Carbon Fiber Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 3mm
4.1.3 6mm
4.1.4 10mm
4.1.5 Other
4.2 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Automotive
5.1.3 Wind Energy
5.1.4 Civil Engineering
5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Mitsubishi Rayon
7.1.1 Mitsubishi Rayon Company Summary
7.1.2 Mitsubishi Rayon Business Overview
7.1.3 Mitsubishi Rayon Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Mitsubishi Rayon Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Mitsubishi Rayon Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 SGL
7.2.1 SGL Company Summary
7.2.2 SGL Business Overview
7.2.3 SGL Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 SGL Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 SGL Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Solvay
7.3.1 Solvay Company Summary
7.3.2 Solvay Business Overview
7.3.3 Solvay Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Solvay Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Solvay Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber
7.4.1 Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Company Summary
7.4.2 Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Business Overview
7.4.3 Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Fangda Group
7.5.1 Fangda Group Company Summary
7.5.2 Fangda Group Business Overview
7.5.3 Fangda Group Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Fangda Group Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Fangda Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Teijin Carbon
7.6.1 Teijin Carbon Company Summary
7.6.2 Teijin Carbon Business Overview
7.6.3 Teijin Carbon Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Teijin Carbon Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Teijin Carbon Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Hexcel
7.7.1 Hexcel Company Summary
7.7.2 Hexcel Business Overview
7.7.3 Hexcel Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Hexcel Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Hexcel Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 RTP
7.8.1 RTP Company Summary
7.8.2 RTP Business Overview
7.8.3 RTP Chopped Carbon Fiber Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 RTP Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 RTP Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Chopped Carbon Fiber Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Chopped Carbon Fiber Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Chopped Carbon Fiber Industry Value Chain
10.2 Chopped Carbon Fiber Upstream Market
10.3 Chopped Carbon Fiber Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Chopped Carbon Fiber Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Chopped Carbon Fiber in Global Market
Table 2. Top Chopped Carbon Fiber Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales by Companies, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Chopped Carbon Fiber Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Chopped Carbon Fiber Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chopped Carbon Fiber Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 46. Mitsubishi Rayon Company Summary
Table 47. Mitsubishi Rayon Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 48. Mitsubishi Rayon Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Mitsubishi Rayon Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. SGL Company Summary
Table 51. SGL Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 52. SGL Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 53. SGL Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Solvay Company Summary
Table 55. Solvay Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 56. Solvay Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Solvay Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Company Summary
Table 59. Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 60. Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Fangda Group Company Summary
Table 63. Fangda Group Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 64. Fangda Group Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Fangda Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Teijin Carbon Company Summary
Table 67. Teijin Carbon Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 68. Teijin Carbon Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Teijin Carbon Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Hexcel Company Summary
Table 71. Hexcel Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 72. Hexcel Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Hexcel Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. RTP Company Summary
Table 75. RTP Chopped Carbon Fiber Product Offerings
Table 76. RTP Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 77. RTP Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Chopped Carbon Fiber Production Capacity (Kiloton) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Kiloton)
Table 79. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 80. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Kiloton)
Table 81. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Production by Region, 2024-2029 (Kiloton)
Table 82. Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 83. Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 84. Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 85. Chopped Carbon Fiber Raw Materials
Table 86. Chopped Carbon Fiber Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 87. Typical Chopped Carbon Fiber Downstream
Table 88. Chopped Carbon Fiber Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 89. Chopped Carbon Fiber Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Chopped Carbon Fiber Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Chopped Carbon Fiber Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (Kiloton)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chopped Carbon Fiber Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Chopped Carbon Fiber Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Chopped Carbon Fiber Production Capacity (Kiloton), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Chopped Carbon Fiber by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Chopped Carbon Fiber Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels