1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Quinidine Sulfate Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Quinidine Sulfate Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Quinidine Sulfate Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Quinidine Sulfate Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Quinidine Sulfate Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Quinidine Sulfate Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Quinidine Sulfate Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Quinidine Sulfate Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Quinidine Sulfate Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Quinidine Sulfate Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Oral Administration
4.1.3 Intravenous Administration
4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Arrhythmias
5.1.3 Malaria
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Quinidine Sulfate Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Allure Remedies
7.1.1 Allure Remedies Company Summary
7.1.2 Allure Remedies Business Overview
7.1.3 Allure Remedies Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Allure Remedies Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Allure Remedies Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Ipca Laboratories
7.2.1 Ipca Laboratories Company Summary
7.2.2 Ipca Laboratories Business Overview
7.2.3 Ipca Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Ipca Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Ipca Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Novartis
7.3.1 Novartis Company Summary
7.3.2 Novartis Business Overview
7.3.3 Novartis Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Novartis Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Novartis Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Allergan
7.4.1 Allergan Company Summary
7.4.2 Allergan Business Overview
7.4.3 Allergan Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Allergan Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Allergan Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Intas Biopharmaceuticals
7.5.1 Intas Biopharmaceuticals Company Summary
7.5.2 Intas Biopharmaceuticals Business Overview
7.5.3 Intas Biopharmaceuticals Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Intas Biopharmaceuticals Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Intas Biopharmaceuticals Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Skymax Laboratories
7.6.1 Skymax Laboratories Company Summary
7.6.2 Skymax Laboratories Business Overview
7.6.3 Skymax Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Skymax Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Skymax Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Cipla
7.7.1 Cipla Company Summary
7.7.2 Cipla Business Overview
7.7.3 Cipla Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Cipla Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Cipla Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Buchler GmbH
7.8.1 Buchler GmbH Company Summary
7.8.2 Buchler GmbH Business Overview
7.8.3 Buchler GmbH Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Buchler GmbH Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Buchler GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Lark Laboratories
7.9.1 Lark Laboratories Company Summary
7.9.2 Lark Laboratories Business Overview
7.9.3 Lark Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Lark Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Lark Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Merck
7.10.1 Merck Company Summary
7.10.2 Merck Business Overview
7.10.3 Merck Quinidine Sulfate Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Merck Quinidine Sulfate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Merck Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Quinidine Sulfate Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Quinidine Sulfate Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Quinidine Sulfate Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Quinidine Sulfate Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Quinidine Sulfate Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Quinidine Sulfate Industry Value Chain
10.2 Quinidine Sulfate Upstream Market
10.3 Quinidine Sulfate Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Quinidine Sulfate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Quinidine Sulfate in Global Market
Table 2. Top Quinidine Sulfate Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Quinidine Sulfate Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Quinidine Sulfate Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Quinidine Sulfate Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Quinidine Sulfate Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Allure Remedies Company Summary
Table 47. Allure Remedies Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 48. Allure Remedies Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Allure Remedies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Ipca Laboratories Company Summary
Table 51. Ipca Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 52. Ipca Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Ipca Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Novartis Company Summary
Table 55. Novartis Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 56. Novartis Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Novartis Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Allergan Company Summary
Table 59. Allergan Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 60. Allergan Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Allergan Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Intas Biopharmaceuticals Company Summary
Table 63. Intas Biopharmaceuticals Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 64. Intas Biopharmaceuticals Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Intas Biopharmaceuticals Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Skymax Laboratories Company Summary
Table 67. Skymax Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 68. Skymax Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Skymax Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Cipla Company Summary
Table 71. Cipla Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 72. Cipla Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Cipla Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Buchler GmbH Company Summary
Table 75. Buchler GmbH Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 76. Buchler GmbH Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Buchler GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Lark Laboratories Company Summary
Table 79. Lark Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 80. Lark Laboratories Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Lark Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Merck Company Summary
Table 83. Merck Quinidine Sulfate Product Offerings
Table 84. Merck Quinidine Sulfate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 85. Merck Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Quinidine Sulfate Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 87. Global Quinidine Sulfate Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 88. Global Quinidine Sulfate Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 89. Global Quinidine Sulfate Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 90. Quinidine Sulfate Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 91. Quinidine Sulfate Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 92. Quinidine Sulfate Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 93. Quinidine Sulfate Raw Materials
Table 94. Quinidine Sulfate Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 95. Typical Quinidine Sulfate Downstream
Table 96. Quinidine Sulfate Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 97. Quinidine Sulfate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Quinidine Sulfate Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Quinidine Sulfate Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Quinidine Sulfate Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Quinidine Sulfate Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Quinidine Sulfate Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Quinidine Sulfate Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Quinidine Sulfate Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Quinidine Sulfate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Quinidine Sulfate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Quinidine Sulfate Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Quinidine Sulfate by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Quinidine Sulfate Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels