1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Leukocyte Filter Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Leukocyte Filter Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Leukocyte Filter Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Leukocyte Filter Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Leukocyte Filter Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Leukocyte Filter Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Leukocyte Filter Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Leukocyte Filter Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Leukocyte Filter Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Leukocyte Filter Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Leukocyte Filter Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Leukocyte Filter Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Leukocyte Filter Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Leukocyte Filter Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 For Whole Blood Transfusion
4.1.3 For Red Blood Cell Transfusion
4.1.4 For Platelet Transfusion
4.2 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Hospital
5.1.3 Clinic
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Leukocyte Filter Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Terumo
7.1.1 Terumo Company Summary
7.1.2 Terumo Business Overview
7.1.3 Terumo Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Terumo Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Terumo Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Pall Corporation
7.2.1 Pall Corporation Company Summary
7.2.2 Pall Corporation Business Overview
7.2.3 Pall Corporation Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Pall Corporation Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Pall Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Asahi Kasei Medical
7.3.1 Asahi Kasei Medical Company Summary
7.3.2 Asahi Kasei Medical Business Overview
7.3.3 Asahi Kasei Medical Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Asahi Kasei Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Asahi Kasei Medical Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 JMS Singapore Pte
7.4.1 JMS Singapore Pte Company Summary
7.4.2 JMS Singapore Pte Business Overview
7.4.3 JMS Singapore Pte Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 JMS Singapore Pte Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 JMS Singapore Pte Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Bicakcilar Medical
7.5.1 Bicakcilar Medical Company Summary
7.5.2 Bicakcilar Medical Business Overview
7.5.3 Bicakcilar Medical Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Bicakcilar Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Bicakcilar Medical Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Haemonetics
7.6.1 Haemonetics Company Summary
7.6.2 Haemonetics Business Overview
7.6.3 Haemonetics Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Haemonetics Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Haemonetics Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Cobetter Filtration Equipment
7.7.1 Cobetter Filtration Equipment Company Summary
7.7.2 Cobetter Filtration Equipment Business Overview
7.7.3 Cobetter Filtration Equipment Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Cobetter Filtration Equipment Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Cobetter Filtration Equipment Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Membrane Solutions
7.8.1 Membrane Solutions Company Summary
7.8.2 Membrane Solutions Business Overview
7.8.3 Membrane Solutions Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Membrane Solutions Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Membrane Solutions Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Puriblood Medical
7.9.1 Puriblood Medical Company Summary
7.9.2 Puriblood Medical Business Overview
7.9.3 Puriblood Medical Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Puriblood Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Puriblood Medical Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Shanghai Fosmedic Medical
7.10.1 Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Company Summary
7.10.2 Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Business Overview
7.10.3 Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Leukocyte Filter Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Leukocyte Filter Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Leukocyte Filter Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Leukocyte Filter Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Leukocyte Filter Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Leukocyte Filter Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Leukocyte Filter Industry Value Chain
10.2 Leukocyte Filter Upstream Market
10.3 Leukocyte Filter Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Leukocyte Filter Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Leukocyte Filter in Global Market
Table 2. Top Leukocyte Filter Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Leukocyte Filter Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Leukocyte Filter Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Leukocyte Filter Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Leukocyte Filter Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Leukocyte Filter Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Terumo Company Summary
Table 47. Terumo Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 48. Terumo Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Terumo Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Pall Corporation Company Summary
Table 51. Pall Corporation Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 52. Pall Corporation Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Pall Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Asahi Kasei Medical Company Summary
Table 55. Asahi Kasei Medical Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 56. Asahi Kasei Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Asahi Kasei Medical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. JMS Singapore Pte Company Summary
Table 59. JMS Singapore Pte Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 60. JMS Singapore Pte Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. JMS Singapore Pte Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Bicakcilar Medical Company Summary
Table 63. Bicakcilar Medical Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 64. Bicakcilar Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Bicakcilar Medical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Haemonetics Company Summary
Table 67. Haemonetics Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 68. Haemonetics Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Haemonetics Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Cobetter Filtration Equipment Company Summary
Table 71. Cobetter Filtration Equipment Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 72. Cobetter Filtration Equipment Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Cobetter Filtration Equipment Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Membrane Solutions Company Summary
Table 75. Membrane Solutions Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 76. Membrane Solutions Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Membrane Solutions Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Puriblood Medical Company Summary
Table 79. Puriblood Medical Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 80. Puriblood Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Puriblood Medical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Company Summary
Table 83. Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Leukocyte Filter Product Offerings
Table 84. Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Leukocyte Filter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 85. Shanghai Fosmedic Medical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Leukocyte Filter Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 87. Global Leukocyte Filter Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 88. Global Leukocyte Filter Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 89. Global Leukocyte Filter Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 90. Leukocyte Filter Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 91. Leukocyte Filter Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 92. Leukocyte Filter Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 93. Leukocyte Filter Raw Materials
Table 94. Leukocyte Filter Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 95. Typical Leukocyte Filter Downstream
Table 96. Leukocyte Filter Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 97. Leukocyte Filter Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Leukocyte Filter Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Leukocyte Filter Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Leukocyte Filter Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Leukocyte Filter Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Leukocyte Filter Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Leukocyte Filter Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Leukocyte Filter Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Leukocyte Filter Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Leukocyte Filter Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Leukocyte Filter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Leukocyte Filter Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Leukocyte Filter by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Leukocyte Filter Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels