1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Tactile Label Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Tactile Label Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Tactile Label Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Tactile Label Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Tactile Label Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Tactile Label Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Tactile Label Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Tactile Label Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Tactile Label Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Tactile Label Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Tactile Label Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Tactile Label Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Tactile Label Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Tactile Label Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Tactile Label Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Tactile Label Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Tactile Label Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Plain or Clear
4.1.3 Integrated
4.2 By Type – Global Tactile Label Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Tactile Label Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Tactile Label Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Tactile Label Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Tactile Label Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Chemical
5.1.3 Food and Beverage
5.1.4 Agriculture
5.1.5 Healthcare
5.1.6 Other Industrial
5.2 By Application – Global Tactile Label Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Tactile Label Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Tactile Label Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Tactile Label Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Tactile Label Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Tactile Label Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Tactile Label Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Tactile Label Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Tactile Label Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Resource Label Group
7.1.1 Resource Label Group Company Summary
7.1.2 Resource Label Group Business Overview
7.1.3 Resource Label Group Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Resource Label Group Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Resource Label Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies
7.2.1 Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Company Summary
7.2.2 Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Business Overview
7.2.3 Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd.
7.3.1 Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Company Summary
7.3.2 Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Business Overview
7.3.3 Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Eltronis Uk Ltd.
7.4.1 Eltronis Uk Ltd. Company Summary
7.4.2 Eltronis Uk Ltd. Business Overview
7.4.3 Eltronis Uk Ltd. Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Eltronis Uk Ltd. Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Eltronis Uk Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Arca Etichette S.p.A.
7.5.1 Arca Etichette S.p.A. Company Summary
7.5.2 Arca Etichette S.p.A. Business Overview
7.5.3 Arca Etichette S.p.A. Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Arca Etichette S.p.A. Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Arca Etichette S.p.A. Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Multi-Color Corporation
7.6.1 Multi-Color Corporation Company Summary
7.6.2 Multi-Color Corporation Business Overview
7.6.3 Multi-Color Corporation Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Multi-Color Corporation Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Multi-Color Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Hibiscus Plc
7.7.1 Hibiscus Plc Company Summary
7.7.2 Hibiscus Plc Business Overview
7.7.3 Hibiscus Plc Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Hibiscus Plc Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Hibiscus Plc Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd.
7.8.1 Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Company Summary
7.8.2 Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Business Overview
7.8.3 Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Barspell Technologies
7.9.1 Barspell Technologies Company Summary
7.9.2 Barspell Technologies Business Overview
7.9.3 Barspell Technologies Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Barspell Technologies Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Barspell Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Guru Corporation Pty Ltd.
7.10.1 Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Company Summary
7.10.2 Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Business Overview
7.10.3 Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 FOCUSales Inc.
7.11.1 FOCUSales Inc. Company Summary
7.11.2 FOCUSales Inc. Tactile Label Business Overview
7.11.3 FOCUSales Inc. Tactile Label Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 FOCUSales Inc. Tactile Label Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 FOCUSales Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Tactile Label Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Tactile Label Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Tactile Label Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Tactile Label Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Tactile Label Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Tactile Label Industry Value Chain
10.2 Tactile Label Upstream Market
10.3 Tactile Label Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Tactile Label Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Tactile Label in Global Market
Table 2. Top Tactile Label Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Tactile Label Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Tactile Label Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Tactile Label Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Tactile Label Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Tactile Label Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Tactile Label Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Tactile Label Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Tactile Label Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Tactile Label Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Tactile Label Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Tactile Label Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Tactile Label Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Tactile Label Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Tactile Label Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Tactile Label Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Tactile Label Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Tactile Label Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Tactile Label Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Tactile Label Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Tactile Label Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Resource Label Group Company Summary
Table 47. Resource Label Group Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 48. Resource Label Group Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Resource Label Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Company Summary
Table 51. Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 52. Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Advanced Barcode and Label Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Company Summary
Table 55. Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 56. Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Reynders Label Printing Pvt. Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Eltronis Uk Ltd. Company Summary
Table 59. Eltronis Uk Ltd. Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 60. Eltronis Uk Ltd. Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Eltronis Uk Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Arca Etichette S.p.A. Company Summary
Table 63. Arca Etichette S.p.A. Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 64. Arca Etichette S.p.A. Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Arca Etichette S.p.A. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Multi-Color Corporation Company Summary
Table 67. Multi-Color Corporation Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 68. Multi-Color Corporation Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Multi-Color Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Hibiscus Plc Company Summary
Table 71. Hibiscus Plc Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 72. Hibiscus Plc Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Hibiscus Plc Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Company Summary
Table 75. Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 76. Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Dongguan Boyue Color Printing Co., Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Barspell Technologies Company Summary
Table 79. Barspell Technologies Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 80. Barspell Technologies Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Barspell Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Company Summary
Table 83. Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 84. Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 85. Guru Corporation Pty Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. FOCUSales Inc. Company Summary
Table 87. FOCUSales Inc. Tactile Label Product Offerings
Table 88. FOCUSales Inc. Tactile Label Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 89. FOCUSales Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 90. Tactile Label Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 91. Global Tactile Label Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 92. Global Tactile Label Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 93. Global Tactile Label Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 94. Tactile Label Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 95. Tactile Label Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 96. Tactile Label Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 97. Tactile Label Raw Materials
Table 98. Tactile Label Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 99. Typical Tactile Label Downstream
Table 100. Tactile Label Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 101. Tactile Label Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Tactile Label Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Tactile Label Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Tactile Label Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Tactile Label Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Tactile Label Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Tactile Label Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Tactile Label Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Tactile Label Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Tactile Label Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactile Label Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Tactile Label Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Tactile Label Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Tactile Label by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Tactile Label Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels